So Again at the Begginig of Sentence
If you asked even the nigh knowledgeable Americans, they probably could not tell y'all more than a few meanings for the discussion "so." It is an everyday word that most people use without even realizing its complexity.
But this mysterious little word can human action as an adverb, pronoun or conjunction, with many meanings as each. In all, there are more than 25 meanings for "then." That'southward one powerful word!
Today, nosotros volition tell y'all about iii phrases that English learners have trouble with: "and then" "so that" and "so describing word/adverb that." Nosotros'll discuss each one so compare them.
Therefore…
Let'southward start with "so" as a coordinating conjunction – a word that joins two or more than things, such as sentences or other words. When used in this way, it means "therefore" or "for that reason."
For this meaning, "and so" joins 2 complete sentences and shows the result of something in the 2nd sentence. Take a listen:
The apartment was too hot, then we opened the window.
The first sentence provides the action or situation: The apartment was too hot. It is joined by "so" to the second judgement which explains the resulting action: opening the window.
In order to…
OK, at present we motion to "so that," a phrase that begins adverb clauses. You may retrieve that an adverb clause shows a relationship between two deportment. Information technology joins a chief clause, or consummate sentence, to a dependent clause, or incomplete sentence, and shows how they relate.
"And so that" means "in society to" which answers the question "Why?" Nosotros utilize it to begin adverb clauses of purpose. Let'south hear an example:
Information technology helps to lower blood sugar so that yous experience less hungry.
The adverb clause is "so that y'all feel less hungry." It shows the purpose for the action in the principal clause. Why does it assistance to lower claret sugar? To feel less hungry.
"And then that" tin also come at the showtime of a sentence but this is rarer and commonly sounds stilted to Americans. Listen:
Then that you experience less hungry , it helps to lower blood saccharide.
1 important annotation is that the word "that" is optional for "so that" in spoken English, so it may disappear. Here'southward how that sounds:
It helps to lower blood sugar so yous feel less hungry .
But without "that," how will you know that the significant is "in guild to"? One signal is that there is frequently a modal verb in the adverb clause. Modal verbs include can, could, may, might, will and others. Here'south how that might audio:
It helps to lower claret saccharide and then you can feel less hungry.
The modal verb in the adverb clause is "can."
To the level described…
Finally, let'due south hash out the phrasing "so adjective/adverb that." This is unlike from both meanings we've talked about. To attempt to put it simply, it means "to the level described." Here are some examples:
This morning, the structure was and so loud that nosotros could not slumber.
This means that the construction was loud to a level that prevented us from sleeping.
In the phrase "and then adjective/adverb that," the discussion "that" begins a type of clause called a "complement clause," but we will not talk almost that in today's programme.
What's of import today is knowing that the word "that" for this phrase is also optional and may disappear. Here's how information technology sounds:
This morning, the structure was and then loud nosotros could non slumber.
And so, how might you know the pregnant if "that" disappears? Well, you tin can listen for an describing word later "so." The adjective in our case is "loud."
Comparing the three
Now, nosotros'll compare the three phrases. You lot will hear three sentences that sound similar only accept different meanings:
He is funny, so his friends laugh at him.
The significant hither is: He is funny. Therefore, his friends laugh at him. Here'due south the next one:
He makes jokes so that his friends will express mirth.
This means: He makes jokes for the purpose of making his friends express mirth. It answers the question, "Why does he make jokes?" Notice the modal "will" in the adverb clause.
Now for the final significant:
He is so funny that his friends express joy at him.
It means: He is funny to such a level that information technology makes his friends express joy at him.
Now for ane more set to help y'all examine the meanings:
She studied hard, and then she was able to win a scholarship.
The pregnant here is: She studied hard. Therefore, she was able to win a scholarship. And the next one:
She studied difficult so that she could win a scholarship.
It means: She studied difficult for the purpose of winning a scholarship. Once more, you come across a modal in the adverb clause: could. And lastly:
She studied so hard that she won a scholarship.
This means: She studied hard to such a degree that she won a scholarship.
You probably noticed that some examples other than those with "so that" take modal verbs. All three of today's phrases can take modals, merely "so that" adverb clauses unremarkably take them.
Well, nosotros're then happy that yous stayed around for today's programme. Don't forget to exercise the practice and so that you tin can retrieve what you learned!
I'm Alice Bryant.
Alice Bryant wrote this story for Learning English. Caty Weaver was the editor.
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Words in This Story
phrase – northward. a word or grouping of words that express an idea but do not usually form a complete sentence
clause – northward. a function of a sentence that has its own bailiwick and verb
stilted – adj. bad-mannered peculiarly because of beingness too formal
optional – adj. available as a choice but non required
modal verb – due north. a verb that is usually used with another verb to limited ideas such as possibility, necessity and permission
scholarship – n. north corporeality of money that is given by a school or organization to a pupil to help pay for the educatee'southward education
practice – v. to do something over again and once more in order to become better at it
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Now, you lot effort it!
Rewrite each example with a "so" phrase from today's program. If an instance is two split up sentences, brand information technology into one sentence.
Example:
I woke upwards early. For that reason, I went to the market. (and then)
I woke up early on, then I went to the market.
We were having a keen time. Therefore, we invited them to our firm for dinner. (so)
Meet me at the theater by 7pm to get practiced seats. (then that)
His optics were very tired. He could not read the words on the page. (then adjective that)
We took a taxi to the party to avert waiting exterior in the cold. (so that)
The domestic dog ate the nutrient very apace. There was no food left for the other dogs. (then adverb that)
She stayed in the U.South. for three months for the purpose of studying English. (so that)
My phone broke. Therefore, I bought a new phone. (and so)
I didn't desire to go. For that reason, I didn't stay long. (so)
I wrote this program in order to show the departure between phrases. (so that)
Source: https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/what-s-the-difference-so-and-so-that-/4627372.html
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